Harmonically pump a femtosecond optical parametric oscillator to 1.13 GHz by a femtosecond 515 nm laser

We demonstrate a harmonically pumped femtosecond optical parametric oscillator(OPO)laser using a frequency-doubled mode-locked Yb:KGW laser at a repetition rate of 75.5 MHz as the pump laser.Based on a bismuth borate nonlinear crystal,repetition rates up to 1.13 GHz are realized,which is 15 times that of the pump laser.The signal wavelength is tunable from 700 nm to 887 nm.The maximum power of the signal is 207 m W at the central wavelength of 750 nm and the shortest pulse duration is 117 fs at 780 nm.The beam quality(M^2 factor)in the horizontal and vertical directions of the output beam are 1.077 and 1.141,respectively.     

Structure-tuned membrane active Ir-complexed oligoarginine overcomes cancer cell drug resistance and triggers immune responses in mice

The development of chemotherapy, an important cancer treatment modality, is hindered by the frequently found drug-resistance phenomenon. Meanwhile, researchers have been enthused lately by the synergistic use of chemotherapy with emerging immunotherapeutic treatments. In an effort to address both of the two unmet needs, reported herein is a study on a series of membrane active iridium(iii) complexed oligoarginine peptides with a new cell death mechanism capable of overcoming drug resistance as well as stimulating immunological responses. A systematic structure–activity relationship study elucidated the interdependent effects of three structural factors, i.e., hydrophobicity, topology and cationicity, on the regulation of the cytotoxicity of the Ir(iii)-oligoarginine peptides. With the most prominent toxicities, Ir-complexed octaarginines (R8) were found to display a progressive oncotic cell death featuring cell membrane-penetration and eruptive cytoplasmic content release. Consequently, this membrane-centric death mechanism showed promising potential in overcoming multiple chemical drug-resistance of cancer cells. More interestingly, the eruptive mode of cell death proved to be immunogenic by stimulating the dendritic cell maturation and inflammatory factor accumulation in mice tumours. Taking these mechanisms together, this work demonstrates that membrane active compounds may become the next generation chemotherapeutics because of their combined advantages.

Structure optimized Ir-complexed cyclic octa-arginine shows a potential of “one-drug two-effects” for cancer treatment.     

超音速等离子体炬的磁流体动力学数值研究

针对设计的喉径2mm、工作电流为100A的拉瓦尔喷嘴,在二维轴对称模型的基础上,对超音速等离子体炬中的流动及其外部射流进行了数值模拟。通过在阳极喷嘴内部采用基于磁矢量势的磁流体动力学模型,避免了对磁感应强度的复杂积分计算,得到了喷嘴内部多场耦合的结果及外部射流的流动状态,分析了喷嘴内部电磁场对等离子体的加速作用及射流发展过程。结果显示,等离子体经历了亚音速→跨音速→超音速的发展过程,最终获得2.3 Ma的超音速射流。研究结果为超音速等离子体炬的工业应用提供了理论基础。     

Preparation of stereoscopic snowflake-like CoO material and its supercapacitor applications

Ionics - A novel stereoscopic snowflake-like CoO material is synthesized via a simple two-step process, including the hydrothermal process for the formation of the stereoscopic snowflake-like...     

Concise synthesis of dopexamine dihydrochloride via benzyl protecting protocol

Benzyl protecting protocol was first employed in two routes for the concise synthesis of dopexamine dihydrochloride.This protecting group could be cleanly removed under mild condition and no unacceptable ion was brought to the final product.The total yield of route I was 43.8% from phenylacetic acid,while it was 54.1% of route II from 2-(3,4-bis(benzyloxy)phenyl)acetic acid.The titration purity of the final product was more than 99.5%,while any single or total impurities met the known standard of the drug by HPLC analysis.The measured residual palladium met an acceptable limit(<1 ppm) as an API for injection.     

Reinforced Supramolecular Hydrogels from Attapulgite and Cyclodextrin Pseudopolyrotaxane for Sustained Intra‐Articular Drug Delivery

Injectable hydrogels for nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs’ (NSAIDs) delivery to minimize the side effects of NSAIDs and achieve long‐term sustained release at the targeted site of synovial joint are attractive for osteoarthritis therapy, but how to improve its mechanical strength remains a challenge. In this work, a kind of 1D natural clay mineral material, attapulgite (ATP), is introduced to a classical cyclodextrin pseudopolyrotaxane (PPR) system to form a reinforced supramolecular hydrogel for sustained release of diclofenac sodium (DS) due to its rigid, rod‐like morphology, and unique structure, which has great potential in tissue regeneration, repair, and engineering. Investigation on the interior morphology and rheological property of the obtained hydrogel points out that the ATP distributed in PPR hydrogel plays a role similar to the “reinforcement in concrete” and exhibits a positive effect on improving the mechanical properties of PPR hydrogel by regulating their interior morphology from a randomly distributed style to the well‐ordered porous frame structure. The hybrid hydrogels demonstrate good shear‐thinning and thixotropic properties, excellent biocompability, and sustained release behavior both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, preliminary in vivo treatment in an acute inflammatory rat model reveals that the ATP hybrid hydrogels present sustained anti‐inflammatory effect.     

Metabolomic analysis of raw Pinelliae Rhizoma and its alum‐processed products via UPLC–MS and their cytotoxicity

Alum‐processing is a traditional method to attenuate the toxicity of Pinelliae Rhizoma (tubers of Pinellia ternate, PT). The present study aimed at investigating the chemical and cytotoxic changes during alum processing. Metabolomic profiles of raw and alum‐processed PT were studied based on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometry. More than 80 chemicals in positive MS mode and 40 chemicals in negative MS mode, such as organic acids, amino acids, glucosides and nucleosides, were identified after multivariate statistical analysis, including principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least‐square discriminant analysis. Almost all of the identified chemical markers were significantly decreased ~10‐ to 100‐fold after alum processing. Meanwhile, the correlations between the chemical markers were assimilated to a positive coefficient from disorderly distribution during the processing. Raw PT extracts could inhibit the proliferation of human carcinoma cells (HCT‐116, HepG2, and A549) at the rate of 40.5, 24.8 and 31.6% more strongly than processed PT. It was concluded that the alum processing of PT could decrease the number of actively water‐soluble principles at the same time as decreasing toxicity. Given the water‐insoluble property of toxic calcium oxalate raphides in PT, we suggest that a more scientific processing method should be sought.